The modular structure of COFs facilitates the integration of key functions such as redox-active moieties, fast charge diffusion channels, composite formation with conductive counterparts, and highly porous
This review provides a timely and comprehensive summary of the recent progress in the design and synthesis of COF-based or COF-derived materials for capacitive energy storage applications. The review starts with a brief
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), a type of porous material with high surface area, have gained widespread attention as good precursors or templates for the derivation of
In particular, the emergence of COF membranes has dramatically expanded the application scenarios for insoluble and un-processable COF powders and opened new doors for their utilization in
Developing covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with good electrical conductivity is essential to widen their range of practical applications. Thermal annealing is known to be a facile approach for
This review first focuses on the exploration of c-COFs in the field of electrical conductivity. Then, the mechanism and explanation of the effect of synthesis on electrical conductivity
They have flexible molecular designs and synthetic strategies, demonstrating their strong application potential in the field of energy storage. Most COFs exhibit poor inherent
Porous organic frameworks (POFs), including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and hydrogen-bonded frameworks (HOFs), have become
This review provides a systematical overview of the synthesis methods of MXene/organic frameworks composites, including MOF/MXene, COF/MXene, and
Because of these appealing properties, in recent years, vast research has been witnessed on COF-based materials for various applications, with an increasing interest in their utilization for electrocatalysis as well as
MOFs are promising porous materials for energy storage and conversion technologies, according to research on their many applications. Moreover, MOFs have served
The urgent demand for sustainable energy storage solutions has positioned covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as promising alternatives to conventional inorganic cathodes. With their programmable
MXenes exhibit excellent conductivity and tunable surface chemistries, whereas the COFs provide high porosity and structural versatility. Recent advances in integrating MXene-COF composites
This includes detailed discussions on their performance in areas like energy storage (lithium‑sulfur batteries, ion batteries, and supercapacitors) and energy conversion
This approach can enhance the electrochemical performance of COFs, improve cycling stability, and increase capacity. The industrialization of COF-based lithium batteries can
The electrochemically inert skeleton was converted into energy storage COF by the immobilized polysulfide chain and provided a brand-new interface for the redox reaction.
These merits endow COFs with excellent ion selectivity. Currently, the development of ion-selective COFs has become a focus in energy related applications;
In the past few years, their potential has attracted a great deal of attention for charge storage and transport applications in various electrochemical energy storage devices, and numerous design strategies have been proposed to
Review State of the art two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks: Prospects from rational design and reactions to applications for advanced energy storage
This analysis highlights the potential of COF-based nanocomposites to meet the rising need for sustainable, high-performance energy storage solutions, establishing them as a
In this review, design strategies of COF-based electrocatalysts are briefly summarized, including applying COF as supports, introducing active metals in COF,
Among these materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) exhibit excellent electrical properties, such as conductivity or semiconductor characteristics, and their unique network
However, the low conductivity of COF materials often limits their intrinsic electrocatalytic activity. To enhance the catalytic performance of COF-based catalysts, various nanomaterials are integrated into COFs to
Therefore, they have shown great potential in electrochemical energy storage (EES) and conversion (EEC). However, in bulk COFs, the defects always impede charge carrier conduction, and the
This review introduces important research progress of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and their applications in the field of gas storage and separation, catalysis,
Conductive covalent organic frameworks (c-COFs) have been widely used in electrochemical energy storage because of their highly adjustable porosity and modifiable skeletons.
Key considerations include: (1) designing MOF/COF-based materials with high stability and conductivity by leveraging DFT calculations to maximize their potential
Fig. 1: Overview and trends of COF-based cathodes beyond LIB applications. Generally, the electrochemical reaction in the battery consists of three key parts: the
Their inherent properties, such as extended surface area and diverse framework topologies, along with their high proclivity to chemical modification, have positioned COFs as sophisticated materials in the
They emerged as promising candidates for electrode materials in advanced energy storage devices such as sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
Subsequently, it outlines the diverse applications of COF and MXene in energy storage, energy conversion, and environmental conservation.
(3) Changing from c-COF to c-COF electrodes may also be accompanied by a change in the electrical conductivity and energy storage mechanism of the material.
Overall, the effectiveness of COFs in electrochemical energy storage hinges on the precise arrangement of organic units within their structure, with the performance being primarily governed by the organic components acting as linkers , , and their specific chemical functionalities.
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) constitute a family of crystalline porous polymers that are being studied for electrochemical energy storage. However, their low electrical conductivity and poor processability have largely limited their electrochemical performances and practical applications.
3.3.1. Composite with carbon material Most COFs exhibit electrical conductivities in the range of 10 −8 –10 −2 S m −1, which is several orders of magnitude lower than that of the conductivity of carbon materials commonly employed as electrode materials in supercapacitors.
In principle, the electrical conductivity of COFs can be improved by controlling their building blocks, linking covalent bonds, and crystallinity to build a more extensive conjugated π-electron network that would enable efficient charge transfer in delocalized π-electrons.
Re-modifying synthesized COFs with different backbones (metals, conductive polymers, and ionic liquids) to effectively enhance their electrical conductivity and electrochemical properties [12, 45].
In Table 1, we have summarized the performances of representative COFs and other hierarchical porous materials for various applications of energy storage. Generally, COFs-based materials offer unique advantages in terms of tunable structure, electrochemical performance, and environmental impact compared to traditional materials.
